Vol. 39, issue 06, article # 6

Abstract:

The impact of a metropolis on the composition of near-surface air in the suburbs is one of the most pressing environmental problems. The work studies the influence of horizontal wind characteristics (direction, speed) on aerosol concentration in the near-surface air of Moscow megapolis and 50–60 km away from it. The data on PM₁₀ aerosol concentration obtained by the authors in the area of Zvenigorod (western suburb) and in the center of Moscow, as well as measured in Moscow at all atmospheric pollution control stations of the State Budgetary Institution “Mosecomonitoring” (megapolis) and in Pavlovsky Posad (eastern suburb). The “roses" of wind direction frequency, wind velocity, and PM₁₀ concentration at the points of observations in different seasons average over 2021–2024 are analyzed. Despite the predominant air mass transport from the west throughout the year in all three locations, the season average PM₁₀ fluxes have different directions and values both in the city and in the suburban points. In general, the annual PM₁₀ fluxes in near-surface air at the considered points have northerly direction, and they are higher in magnitude in suburban areas than in the city. The results can be useful in assessing environmental risks and public health in the Moscow Region, as well as for climate calculations and verification of their results.

Keywords:

near-surface air, aerosol mass concentration, PM10, Moscow, Moscow Region, wind regime

Figures:

References:

1. Han W., Li Z., Guo J., Su T., Chen T., Wei J., Cribb M. The urban–rural heterogeneity of air pollution in 35 metropolitan regions across China // Remote Sens. 2020. V. 12. P. 2320. DOI: 10.3390/rs12142320.
2. Plaude N.O., Stulov E.A., Parshutkina I.P., Sosnikova E.V., Monakhova N.A. Harakteristiki atmosfernogo aerozolya v Moskovskom regione (rezul'taty 17-letnego monitoringa). M.: Nauchnyi mir, 2013. 80 p.
3. Chapman S., Watson J.E.M., Salazar A., Thatcher M., McAlpine C.A. The impact of urbanization and climate change on urban temperatures: A systematic review // Landscape Ecol. 2017. V. 32. P. 1921–1935. DOI: 10.1007/s10980-017-0561-4.
4. Revich B.A. Planirovanie gorodskikh territorii i zdorov'e naseleniya: analiticheskii obzor // Analiz riska zdorov'yu. 2022. N 1. P. 157–169. DOI: 10.21668/health.risk/2022.1.17.
5. Tarasova M.A., Varentsov M.I., Stepanenko V.M. Parametrizatsii vzaimodeistviya atmosfery s gorodskoi poverkhnost'yu: obzor i perspektivy razvitiya // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2023. V. 59, N 2. P. 127–148. DOI: 10.31857/S0002351523020062.
6. Kuznetsova I.N., Brusova N.E., Nakhaev M.I. Gorodskoi ostrov tepla v Moskve: opredelenie, granitsy, izmenchivost' // Meteorolog. i gidrolog. 2017. N 5. P. 49–61.
7. Lokoshchenko M.A., Alekseeva L.I. Influence of meteorological parameters on the urban heat island in Moscow // Atmosphere. 2023. V. 14. P. 507. DOI: 10.3390/atmos14030507.
8. Ginzburg A.S., Dokukin S.A. Vliyanie teplovogo zagryazneniya atmosfery na klimat goroda (otsenki s pomoshch'yu modeli COSMO-CLM) // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2021. V. 57, N 1. P. 53–66. DOI: 10.31857/S0002351521010053.
9. Ren G. Urbanization as a major driver of urban climate change // Adv. Clim. Change Res. 2015. V. 6. P. 1–6. https://www.scipedia.com/public/Ren_2015a.
10. Wilcox E.M., Thomas R.M., Praveen P.S., Pistone K., Bender F.A.-M., Ramanathan V. Black carbon solar absorption suppresses turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2016. V. 113. P. 11794–11799. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525746113.
11. Li Z., Guo J., Ding A., Liao H., Liu J., Sun Y., Wang T., Xue H., Zhang H., Zhu B. Aerosol and boundary-layer interactions and impact on air quality // Natl. Sci. Rev. 2017. V. 4, N 6. P. 810–833. DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx117.
12. Clarke A.G., Willison M.J., Zeki E.M. A comparison of urban and rural aerosol composition using dichotomous samplers // Atmos. Environ. 1984. V. 18, N 9. P. 1767–1775. DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90352-4.
13. Sandrini S., van Pinxteren D., Giulianelli L., Herrmann H., Poulain L., Facchini M.C., Gilardoni S., Rinaldi M., Paglione M., Turpin B.J., Pollini F., Bucci S., Zanca N., Decesari S. Size-resolved aerosol composition at an urban and a rural site in the Po Valley in summertime: Implications for secondary aerosol formation // Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2016. V. 16. P. 10879–10897. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-10879-2016.
14. Mikhailov E.F., Ivanova O.A., Vlasenko S.S., Nebos'ko E.Yu., Ryshkevich T.I. Izmereniya kondensatsionnoi aktivnosti yader Aitkena v prigorode Sankt-Peterburga // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2017. V. 53, N 3. P. 370–378. DOI: 10.7868/S0002351517030099.
15. Arshinova V.G., Belan B.D., Rasskazchikova T.M., Simonenkov D.V. Vliyanie goroda Tomska na khimicheskii i dispersnyi sostav atmosfernogo aerozolya v prizemnom sloe // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2008. V. 21, N 6. P. 486–491.
16. Talovskaya A.V., Simonenkov D.V., Filimonenko E.A., Belan B.D., Yazikov E.G., Rychkova D.A., Il'enok S.S. Issledovanie sostava pylevogo aerozolya na fonovoi i gorodskoi stantsiyakh nablyudeniya v Tomskom regione zimoi 2012/13 years // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2014. V. 27, N 11. P. 999–1005.
17. Yausheva E.P., Panchenko M.V., Kozlov V.S., Terpugova S.A., Chernov D.G. Vliyanie goroda na aerozol'nye kharakteristiki atmosfery Akademgorodka g. Tomska v perekhodnye sezony // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2014. V. 27, N 11. P. 981–988.
18. Poddubnyi V.A., Pol'kin V.V., Sakerin S.M., Golobokova L.P., Luzhetskaya A.P., Markelov Yu.I., Dubinkina E.S., Huriganova O.I. Kompleksnyi aerozol'nyi eksperiment na Srednem Urale. Part 2. KHarakteristiki aerozolya v prizemnom sloe atmosfery // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2016. V. 29, N 12. P. 1011–1022. DOI: 10.15372/AOO2016120.
19. Volkova K.A., Anikin S.S., Mihailov E.F., Ionov D.V., Vlasenko S.S., Ryshkevich T.I. Sezonnaya i sutochnaya izmenchivost' kontsentratsii aerozol'nykh chastits vblizi Sankt-Peterburga // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2020. V. 33, N 5. P. 407–414. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20200511; Volkova K.A., Anikin S.S., Mihailov E.F., Ionov D.V., Vlasenko S.S., Ryshkevich T.I. Seasonal and daily variability of aerosol particle concentrations near St. Petersburg // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2020. V. 33, N 5. P. 524–530.
20. Luzhetskaya A.P., Nagovitsyna E.S., Omelkova E.V., Poddubny V.A. Vremennaya izmenchivost' i vzaimosvyaz' prizemnoi kontsentratsii aerozolei PM_2,5 i aerozol'noi opticheskoi tolshchi po dannym izmerenii na Srednem Urale // Optika atmosf. i okeana. 2022. V. 35, N 10. P. 858–867. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20221009; Luzhetskaya A.P., Nagovitsyna E.S., Omelkova E.V., Poddubny V.A. Temporal variability and relationship between surface concentration of PM_2.5 and aerosol optical depth according to measurements in the Middle Urals // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2022. V. 35, N S1. P. S133–S142.
21. Demographia. World Urban Areas (Built up Urban Areas or World Agglomerations). 20th Edition. August 2025. URL: https://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf.
22. Aerozol'noe zagryaznenie gorodov i ego effekty na prognoz pogody, regional'nyi klimat i geokhimicheskie protsessy / pod red. N.E. Chubarovoi. M.: MAKS Press, 2020. 339 p. DOI: 10.29003/m1475.978-5-317-06464-8.
23. Chubarova N., Androsova E., Kirsanov A., Varentsov M., Rivin G. Urban aerosol, its radiative and temperature response in comparison with urban canopy effects in megacity based on COSMO-ART modeling // Urban Clim. 2024. V. 53. P. 101762. DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101762.
24. Gorchakov G.I., Anikin P.P., Volokh A.A., Emilenko A.S., Isakov A.A., Kopeikin V.M., Ponomareva T.Ya., Semutnikova E.G., Sviridenkov M.A., Shukurov K.A. Issledovanie sostava zadymlennoi atmosfery Moskovskogo regiona // Dokl. RAN. 2003. V. 390, N 2. P. 251–254.
25. Gorchakov G.I., Sviridenkov M.A., Semutnikova E.G., Chubarova N.E., Holben B.N., Smirnov A.V., Emilenko A.S., Isakov A.A., Kopeikin V.M., Karpov A.V., Lezina E.A., Zadorozhnaya O.S. Opticheskie i mikrofizicheskie kharakteristiki aerozolya zadymlennoi atmosfery Moskovskogo regiona v 2010 year // Dokl. RAN. 2011. V. 437, N 5. P. 686–690.
26. Trefilova A.V., Gubanova D.P., Davydov K.A., Iordanskii M.A., Minashkin V.M., Artamonova M.S., Grechko E.I., Kuderina T.M. Сhemical composition and microphysical characteristics of atmospheric aerosol over Moscow and its vicinity in June 2009 and during the fire peak of 2010 // Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 2013. V. 49, N 7. P. 765–778. DOI: 10.1134/S0001433813070062.
27. Popovicheva O., Chichaeva M., Kovach R., Zhdanova E., Kasimov N. Seasonal, Weekly, and diurnal black carbon in Moscow megacity background under impact of urban and regional sources // Atmosphere. 2022. V. 13. P. 563. DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040563.
28. Popovicheva O., Diapouli E., Chichaeva M., Kosheleva N., Kovach R., Bitukova V., Eleftheriadis K., Kasimov N. Aerosol characterization and peculiarities of source apportionment in Moscow, the largest and northernmost European megacity // Sci. Total Environ. 2024. V. 918. P. 170315. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170315.
29. Kopeikin V.M., Emilenko A.S., Isakov A.A., Loskutova O.V., Ponomareva T.Ya. Izmenchivost' sazhevogo i submikronnogo aerozolya v Moskovskom regione v 2014–2016 years // Optika. atmosf. i okeana. 2018. V. 31, N 1. P. 5–10. DOI: 10.15372/AOO20180101; Kopeikin V.M., Emilenko A.S., Isakov A.A., Loskutova O.V., Ponomareva T.Ya. Variability of soot and fine aerosol in the Moscow Region in 2014–2016 // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2018. V. 31, N 3. P. 243–249.
30. Popovicheva O.B., Kistler M., Kireeva E.D., Persiantseva N.M., Timofeev M.A., Shoniya N.K., Kopeikin V.M. Sostav i mikrostruktura aerozolya zadymlennoi atmosfery g. Moskvy v usloviyakh ekstremal'nykh pozharov avgusta 2010 year // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2017. V. 53, N 1. P. 56–65. DOI: 10.7868/S0002351517010096.
31. Gruzdev A.N., Isakov A.A. Anomalii i trendy kontsentratsii prizemnogo aerozolya v Zapadnom Podmoskov'e // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2021. V. 57, N 4. P. 432–443. DOI: 10.31857/S0002351521040064.
32. Shukurov K., Shukurova L. Aral's potential sources of dust for Moscow region // E3S Web Conf. 2019. V. 99. P. 02015. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20199902015.
33. Shukurov K.A., Simonenkov D.V., Nevzorov A.V., Rashki A., Hamzeh N.H., Abdullaev S.F., Shukurova L.M., Chkhetiani O.G. CALIOP-based evaluation of dust emissions and long-range transport of the dust from the Aral−Caspian arid region by 3D-Source Potential Impact (3D-SPI) method // Remote Sens. 2023. V. 15. P. 2819. DOI: 10.3390/rs15112819.
34. Vinogradova A.A., Gubanova D.P., Ivanova Yu.A. Vklad megapolisa v aerozol'noe zagryaznenie prizemnogo sloya atmosfery v Moskovskoi aglomeratsii // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2026. V. 62, N 2. In print.
35. Gubanova D.P., Vinogradova A.A., Iordanskii M.A., Skorokhod A.I. Variability of near-surface aerosol composition in Moscow in 2020–2021: Episodes of extreme air pollution of different genesis // Atmosphere. 2022. V. 13, N 4. P. 574–599. DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040574.
36. Gubanova D.P., Vinogradova A.A., Lezina E.A., Iordanskii M.A., Isakov A.A. Uslovno-fonovyi uroven' aerozol'nogo zagryazneniya prizemnogo vozdukha v Moskve i prigorode: sezonnye variatsii // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2023. V. 59, N 6. P. 754–773. DOI: 10.31857/S0002351523060056.
37. Gubanova D.P., Vinogradova A.A., Lezina E.A. Spatial and temporal distribution of near-surface aerosol concentration as a factor of diversity of living conditions in the megapolis // Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 2024. V. 37, N S1. P. S105–S119. DOI: 10.1134/S1024856024701458.
38. Vinogradova A.A., Gubanova D.P., Kopeikin V.M. Izmenchivost' soderzhaniya chernogo ugleroda i aerozolei РМ₁₀ i РМ_2,5 v prizemnom vozdukhe megapolisa // Izv. RAN. Fiz. atmosf. i okeana. 2024. V. 60, N 3. P. 46–60. DOI: 10.31857/S0002351524030054.