Vol. 39, issue 03, article # 4
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Abstract:
This review addresses the problem of water body eutrophication and approaches to monitoring this process. It describes key biophysical and chemical markers of water object eutrophication, including the content of chlorophyll-a, suspended solids, and nutrients in the aquatic environment, as well as volatile molecular markers of eutrophication which can be present in the air near the water surface. The comparative analysis of experimental, process-based, and theoretical models of this process is performed. Since the volume and quality of experimental data significantly affect the predictive accuracy of eutrophication models, the review focuses on methods for accumulating these data, including remote and local sensing of water body parameters. Among the latter, laser gas analysis methods for detecting volatile markers of eutrophication near the water surface are considered. Based on a literature review, a list of the most informative volatile molecular markers of eutrophication emitted from the water surface into the atmosphere has been compiled: carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methane (CH4), nitric oxide (N2O), geosmin, and 2-methylisoborneol. The importance of monitoring phosphorus derivative phosphine (PH3) as an indicator of the phosphorus cycle and a potential greenhouse gas is noted. The back of data on its sources and the processes leading to its synthesis is emphasized. Based on data on quantum spectral transitions, recommendations are provided for recording PH3 and other volatile markers of eutrophication near the water–air interface using IR gas absorption spectroscopy.
Keywords:
water body eutrophication, remote and satellite sensing of water bodies, volatile marker of eutrophication, laser gas analysis methods
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