Том 16, номер 01, статья № 1

Аннотация:

Сделан обзор данных, характеризующих влияние атмосферного аэрозоля на формирование глобального климата на основе результатов измерений и расчетов прямого и косвенного аэрозольного радиационного возмущающего воздействия (АРВВ). Подчеркнута слабая изученность косвенного АРВВ, определяемая дефицитом информации о процессах взаимодействия аэрозоля и облаков. Дальнейшая главная задача состоит в исследованиях сложной совокупности интерактивных процессов, определяющих влияние аэрозоля на климат.

Список литературы:

1. Григорьев А.А., Кондратьев К.Я. Экологические катастрофы. СПб.: Научный центр РАН, 2001. 350 с.
2. Кондратьев К.Я., Васильев О.Б., Ивлев Л.С., Никольский Г.А., Смоктий О.И. Влияние аэрозоля на перенос излучения: Возможные климатические последствия. Л.: Изд-во ЛГУ, 1973. 266с.
3. Кондратьев К.Я., Москаленко Н.И., Поздняков Д.В. Атмосферный аэрозоль. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1983. 224 с.
4. Кондратьев К.Я., Григорьев Ал.А., Покровский О.М., Шалина Е.В. Космическое дистанционное зондирование аэрозоля. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1983. 216 с.
5. Аэрозоль и климат /Под ред. К.Я. Кондратьева. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1991. 542 с.
6. Кондратьев К.Я., Биненко В.И. О радиационном возмущающем воздействии облаков и аэрозолей // Метеорол. и гидрол. 2000. № 1. C. 33-41.
7. Кондратьев К.Я., Демирчян К.С. Глобальный климат и Протокол Киото // Вестн. РАН. 2001. T. 71. № 11. C. 1002-1009.
8. Кондратьев К.Я. Аэрозоль как климатообразующий компонент атмосферы. 1. Физические свойства и химический состав // Оптика атмосф. и океана. 2002. Т. 15. № 2. С. 123-146.
9. Кондратьев К.Я. Аэрозоль как климатообразующий компонент атмосферы. 2. Прямое и косвенное воздействие на климат // Оптика атмосф. и океана. 2002. Т. 15. № 4. С. 301-320.
10. Кондратьев К.Я. Изменения глобального климата: реальность, предположения и вымыслы // Исслед. Земли из космоса. 2002. № 1. С. 3-23.
11. Кондратьев К.Я., Крапивин В.Ф., Филлипс Г.В. Проблемы загрязнеия высокоширотной окружающей среды. СПб.: НИИЦЭБ РАН, 2002. 280 с.
12. Adams P.J., Seinfeld J.H., Koch D., Mickey L., Jacob D. General circulation model assessment of direct radiative forcing by the sulfate-water inorganic aerosol system // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 1. P. 1097-1112.
13. Andreae M.O. The dark side of aerosols // Nature (Gr. Brit.). 2001. V. 409. N 6821. P. 671-672.
14. Bergstrom R.W., Russell P.B., Hignett P. Wavelength dependence of the absorption of black carbon particles. Predictions and results from the TARFOPX experiment and implications for the aerosol single scattering albedo // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. N 3. Part 1. P. 567-577.
15. Bizzari B., Bordi I., Petita M., Sutera A. Sensitivity of cloud radiative forcing to change of microphysical parameters measured by the CLOUDS mission // Il Nuovo Cimento. 2002. V. 25 C. Ser. 2. N 3. P. 323-338.
16. Boucher O., Haywood J. On summing the components of radiative forcing of climate change // Clim. Dyn. 2001. V. 18. P. 297-302.
17. Boucher O. Aerosol radioactive forcing and related feedbacks: How do we reduce uncertainties? // IGACtiv. Newslett. 2002. N 26. P. 8-12.
18. Breon F.-M., Tanre D., Generoso S. Aerosol effect on cloud droplet size monitored from satellite // Science. 2002. V. 295. N 5556. P. 834-838.
19. Ten Brink H.M., van Dorland R., Lelieveld J. AEROSOL: Cycle and influence on the radiation balance Measurements and Modelling of the reduction of Radiation by Aerosol (MEMORA). Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change. Report N 410 200 025. The Netherlands. 1999. 48 p.
20. Chou M.-D., Chan P.-K., Wang M. Aerosol radiative forcing derived from SeaWiFS-retrieved aerosol optical properties // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. N 3. P. 748-757.
21. Christopher S.A., Zhang J. Daytime variation of shortwave direct radiative forcing of biomass burning aerosols from GOES imager // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. N 3. Part 2. P. 681-691.
22. Coakley J.A., Jr., Walsh C.D. Limits to the aerosol indirect radiative effect derived from observations of ship tracks // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. N 3. Part 2. P. 668-680.
23. Cohard J.-M., Pinty J.-P., Suhre K. On the parameterization of activation spectra from cloud condensation nuclei microphysical properties // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 105. N 9. P. 11753-11766.
24. Diaz J.P., Exposito F.J., Torres C.J., Herrera F., Prospero M.C. Radiative properties of aerosol in Saharan dust outbreaks using ground-based and satellite data: Applications to radiative forcing // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 16. P. 18403-18416.
25. Duda D.P., Minnis P., Nguyen L. Estimates of cloud radiative forcing in contrail clusters using GOES imagery // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2002. V. 106. N 5. P. 4927-4938.
26. Earth CARE - Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiative Explorer. European Space Agency. ESA SP-1257 (1) Nordwijk. September 2001. 127 p.
27. Facchini M.C. Clouds, atmospheric chemistry, and climate // IGACtiv. Newslett. 2002. N 26. P. 13-19.
28. Feingold G., Remer L., Ramaprasad J., Kaufman Y.J. Analysis of smoke impact on clouds in Brazilian biomass burning regions: An extension of Twomey's approach // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 19. P. 22907-22922.
29. Flossman A.I. Interaction of aerosol particles and clouds // J. Atmos. Sci. 1998. V. 55. N 3. P. 879-887.
30. Ghan S., Easter R., Hudson J., Breon F.-M. Evaluation of aerosol indirect radiative forcing in MIRAGE // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 6. P. 5317-5334.
31. Ghan S., Laulainen N., Easter R., Wagener R., Nemesure S., Chaoman E., Zhang Y., Leung R. Evaluation of aerosol direct radiative forcing in MIRAGE // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 6. P. 5295-5316.
32. Ghan S.J., Easter R.C., Chapman E.G., Abdul-Razzak H., Zhang Y., Leung L.R., Laulainen N.S., Saylor R.D., Zaveri R.A. A physically based estimate of radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosol // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 6. P. 5279-5294.
33. Haigh J.D. Radiative forcing of climate change // Weather. 2002. V. 57. N 8. P. 278-283.
33a. Han Q., Rossow W.B., Zeng J., Welch R. Three different behaviors of liquid water path of water clouds in aerosol-cloud interactions // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. N 3. P. 726-735.
34. Hansen J.E., Sato M. Trends of measured climate forcing agents // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 2001. V. 98. N 26. P. 14778-14783.
35. Harshvardan, Schwartz S.E., Benkovitz C.V., Guo G. Aerosol influence on cloud microphysics examined by satellite measurements and chemical transport modeling // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. N 3. Part 2. P. 714-725.
36. Hartley W.S., Hobbs P.V., Ross J.L., Russell P.B., Livingston J.M. Properties of aerosols aloft relevant to direct radiative forcing off the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 105. N 8. P. 9859-9886.
37. Hauglustaine D. Trace gas radiative forcing and related climate feedbacks: How do we reduce the uncertainties? // IGACtiv. Newslett. 2002. N 26. P. 20-26.
38. Haywood J.M., Francis P.N., Glew M.D., Taylor J.P. Optical properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust: A case study of two Saharan dust outbreaks using aircraft data // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 16. P. 18417-18430.
39. Houghton J.T. The IPCC Report // Proc. of the SOLSPA Conf. Tenerife, 25-29 Sept. 2000. ESA SP ISSN 0379-6566. Nordwijk. 2000. P. 255-259.
40. Jacobson M.Z. Global direct radiative forcing due to multi-component anthropogenic and natural aerosols // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 2. P. 1551-1568.
41. Jacobson M.Z. A physically-based treatment of elemental carbon optics: Implication for global direct forcing of aerosols // Geophys. Res. Lett. 2000. V. 27. P. 217-220.
42. Jacobson M. Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols // Nature (Gr. Brit.). 2001. V. 409. N 6821. P. 695-697.
43. Jones A., Roberts D.L., Woodage M.J., Johnson C.E. Indirect sulphate aerosol forcing in a climate model with an interactive sulphur cycle // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 17. P. 20293-20310.
44. Koch D. Transport and indirect radiative forcing of carbonaceous and sulfate aerosols in the GISS GCM // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 17. P. 20311-20332.
45. Kondratyev K.Ya. Climatic Effects of Aerosols and Clouds. Springer/Praxis, Chichester, U.K. 1999. 264 p.
46. Kondratyev K.Ya. Global climate and the Kyoto Protocol // Idojaras. 2002. V. 106. N 2. P. 1-37.
47. Kondratyev K.Ya., Grigoryev A.A. Environmental Disasters. Springer/Praxis, Chichester, U.K. 2002. 484 p.
48. Lohmann U. Interactions between anthropogenic aerosols and the hydrological cycle // Glob. Change Newslett. 2002. N 49. P. 14-19.
49. Menon S., Del Genio A.D., Koch D., Tselioudis G. GCM simulations of the aerosol indirect effect. Sensivity to cloud parameterization and aerosol burden // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. N 3. Part 2. P. 692-713.
50. Meszaros E. Fundamentals of Atmospheric Chemistry. Budapest: Akademia Kiado, 1999. 308 p.
51. Mischnenko M., Penner J., Anderson D. Global Aerosol Climatology Project // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. Part 1. P. 249.
52. Myhre G., Stordal F. Global sensitivity experiments of the radiative forcing due to mineral aerosols // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. P. 18193-18204.
53. Myhre G., Johnson J.E., Bartricki J., Stordal F., Shire K.P. Role of spatial and temporal variations in the computation of radiative forcing due to sulphate aerosols: A regional study // Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 2002. V. 128. Part A. N 581. P. 973-990.
54. Park R.J., Stenchikov G.L., Pickering K.E., Dickerson R.R., Allen D.J., Kondragunta S. Regional air pollution and its radiative forcing: Studies with a single-column chemical and radiation transport model // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 22. P. 28751-28770.
55. Penner J. (Ed.) Aerosols, their direct and indirect effects // Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Chapter 5. Contribution of Working Group I to Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, U.K. 2001. P. 289-348.
56. Pinto J.O., Curry J.A., Interieri J.M. Cloud-aerosol interactions during autumn over Beaufort Sea // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 14. P. 15077-15098.
57. Podgorny I.A., Ramanathan V. A modeling study of the direct effect of aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 20. P. 24097-24105.
58. Rajeev K., Ramanathan V. Direct observations of clearsky aerosol radiative forcing from space during the Indian Ocean Experiment // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 15. P. 17221-17236.
59. Ramanathan V., Crutzen P.J., Kiehl J.T., Rosenfeld D. Atmosphere: Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle // Science. 2001. V. 294. N 5549. P. 2119-2127.
60. Ramaswamy V. (Ed.) Radiative forcing of climate change // Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Chapter 5. Contribution of Working Group I to Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, U.K. 2001. P. 349-416.
61. Redemann J., Turco R.P., Liou K.N., Hobbs P.V., Hartley W.S., Bergstrom R.W., Browell R.W., Browell E.V., Russell P.B. Case studies of the vertical structure of the direct shortwave aerosol radiative forcing during TARFOX // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 105. N 8. P. 9971-9980.
62. Remer L.A., Kaufman Y.J., Levin Z., Ghan S. Model assessment of the ability of MODIS to measure top-of-atmosphere direct radiative forcing from smoke aerosols // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. N 3. Part 2. P. 657-667.
63. Sokolik I.N., Winker D.M., Bergamentti G., Gillett D.A., Carmichael G., Kaufman Y.J., Gomes L., Schuetz L., Penner J.E. Introduction to special section: Outstanding problems in quantifying the radiative impacts of mineral dust // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 16. P. 18015-18028.
64. Soon W., Baliunas S., Kondratyev K.Ya., Idso S.B., Postmentier E. Calculating the climatic impacts of increased CO2: The issue of the model validation // Proc. 1st Solar and Space Weather Euroconference "The Solar Cycle and Terrestrial Climate". Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain, 25-29 September 2000. ESA SP-463. December 2000. P. 243-254.
65. Stuhlman R., Macke A., Doerffer R., Dammann K. Aerosol/cloud effects: Implications on the radiation budget and atmospheric correction. 1 MSG RAO Workshop, Bologna, 17-19 May, 2000. Noordwijk, 2000. (ESA SP-452). P. 127-130.
66. Takemura T., Nakajima T., Nozawa T., Aoki K. Simulation of the future aerosol distribution, radiative forcing, and long-range transport in East Asia // J. Meteorol. Soc. Jap. 2001. V. 79. N 6. P. 1139-1155.
67. Takemura T., Nakajima T., Dubovik O., Holben B.N., Kinne S. Single-scattering albedo and radiative forcing of various aerosol species with a global three dimensional model // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2002. V. 15. N 4. P. 333-352.
68. Takemura T. A study of Aerosol Distribution and Optical Properties with a Global Climate Model. CCSR University of Tokyo. Report N 16. 2002. 113 p.
69. Tie X., Brasseur G., Emmons L., Horowitz L., Kinnison D. Effects of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants: A global model study // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 19. P. 22931-22964.
70. Wagner F., Muller D., Ansmann A.A. Comparison of the radiative impact of aerosols derived from vertically resolved (lidar) and vertically integrated (Sun photometer) measurements: Example of an Indian aerosol plume // J. Geophys. Res. D. 2001. V. 106. N 19. P. 22861-22870.
71. Weaver C., Ginoux P., Chou M.-D., Joiner J. Radiative forcing of Saharan dust: GOCART model simulations compared with ERBE data // J. Atmos. Sci. 2002. V. 59. N 3. Part 2. P. 736-747.