Vol. 30, issue 12, article # 9

Abstract:

Series of temperatures measured at 818 weather stations in the Northern hemisphere and one series of Wolf numbers for the period from 1955 to 2010 are considered. The sun effect on the surface temperature is estimated by the cosine of the angle between the two vectors determined by the series under consideration using the cyclic time.  The technique is effective because it provides a broad common frequency band of the series under study.  The sun effect has a monotone approximated dependence on the monthly average temperature and reflects the climate geography, including the effect of warm ocean streams.  The approach suggested is expedient for applications in the development of observational data analysis, analytical transformations, and climate simulations.

Keywords:

solar activity, surface air temperature, climate

Figures:

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